In a bid to enhance transparency and provide more insightful information to investors and financial statement users, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) has approved a new format for audit reports of public companies. The new guidelines, outlined in AS 3101, The Auditor’s Report on an Audit of Financial Statements When the Auditor Expresses an Unqualified Opinion, will become effective for audits of fiscal years ending on or after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permissible upon final SEC approval. This comprehensive revision introduces several key changes aimed at bolstering the effectiveness of audit reports.
Key Changes in the Auditor's Report
Expanded Addressees:
- The auditor’s report will now be explicitly addressed to both the company’s shareholders and board of directors. Additionally, the revised format allows for the inclusion of additional addressees, providing a more inclusive communication channel.
Placement of Auditor's Opinion:
- The auditor’s opinion will occupy the first section of the report, granting prominence to the auditor’s overall assessment. This strategic shift aims to ensure that stakeholders encounter the auditor’s opinion at the outset, fostering a clear understanding of the auditor's perspective.
Auditor's Independence Disclosure:
- The report will now disclose the specific year when the auditor commenced serving consecutively as the company’s auditor. Moreover, a categorical statement emphasizing the auditor’s commitment to maintaining independence is incorporated. This disclosure aims to enhance the visibility and accountability of the auditor's tenure.
Revised Standardized Language:
- Certain standardized report language will be revised to offer a clearer articulation of the auditor's responsibilities. This adjustment is intended to minimize ambiguity and enhance the communication of the auditor's role and obligations.
Introduction of "Critical Audit Matters" Section:
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One of the most significant additions is the introduction of a dedicated section titled "critical audit matters." This section aims to provide detailed insights into the most challenging, subjective, or complex aspects of the audit process. These matters specifically pertain to accounts or disclosures deemed material to the financial statements. Examples include significant estimates or unusual transactions. The auditor is required to communicate these critical audit matters to the audit committee. If no such matters are identified, the auditor’s report must explicitly state this fact.
The implementation timeline for this new requirement is staggered. For large accelerated filers, this provision will be effective for fiscal years ending on or after June 30, 2019. In contrast, for all other relevant filers, which exclude brokers and dealers, investment companies other than business development companies, emerging growth companies, and certain employee plans, the effective date is fiscal years ending on or after December 15, 2020.
Significance of "Critical Audit Matters"
The inclusion of a dedicated section on "critical audit matters" is a pivotal enhancement in the revised auditor's report. This addition recognizes the importance of providing stakeholders with a deeper understanding of the intricacies involved in the audit process. By shedding light on the most challenging aspects, stakeholders can gain valuable insights into the auditor's judgment, decision-making, and areas of heightened scrutiny.
Characteristics of "Critical Audit Matters":
Materiality to Financial Statements:
- Critical audit matters are intricately tied to accounts or disclosures considered material to the financial statements. This underscores the significance of these matters in the broader context of financial reporting.
Origination from Audit Process:
- These matters arise directly from the financial statement audit. Aspects such as significant estimates and unusual transactions are inherently linked to the audit's investigative nature.
Communication to Audit Committee:
- The identification and communication of critical audit matters are integral components of the auditor's responsibility. The audit committee plays a crucial role in understanding and deliberating on these matters.
Effective Communication Tool:
- The "critical audit matters" section serves as a powerful tool for effective communication between auditors and stakeholders. It demystifies the complexities of the audit and provides a platform for transparent dialogue.
Implementation Timeline and Considerations
The phased implementation of the new auditor's report requirements reflects a prudent approach, allowing for a smooth transition and alignment with the diverse landscape of filers. Large accelerated filers will experience the impact of the "critical audit matters" section earlier, necessitating proactive preparations for compliance.
Timeline for Implementation:
June 30, 2019:
- Large accelerated filers will be required to include the "critical audit matters" section for fiscal years ending on or after this date.
December 15, 2020:
- All other relevant filers, excluding specific categories such as brokers and dealers, will need to adhere to the new requirements for fiscal years ending on or after this date.
Considerations for Filers:
Early Adoption:
- Filers have the option of early adoption pending final SEC approval. This flexibility provides companies with the opportunity to embrace the revised format sooner, aligning with their internal timelines and strategic considerations.
Communication Strategy:
- Companies should develop a robust communication strategy to convey the implications and significance of the changes to their stakeholders. This includes shareholders, board members, and audit committees.
Audit Committee Collaboration:
- Given the heightened emphasis on communication with the audit committee, collaboration and dialogue between auditors and audit committees become paramount. Establishing effective channels for information exchange will contribute to a seamless implementation process.
Technology Integration:
- Leveraging technology for efficient data management and reporting will be instrumental. Companies should evaluate their existing systems to ensure compatibility with the new reporting requirements.
Potential Impacts and Future Considerations
The adoption of the revised auditor's report requirements signifies a commitment to elevating the quality and relevance of audit reports. The "critical audit matters" section, in particular, introduces a new dimension of transparency and insight into the audit process. As companies navigate the implementation timeline, several potential impacts and considerations emerge:
Stakeholder Perception:
The manner in which companies embrace and communicate the changes will shape stakeholder perception. Transparent communication regarding the "critical audit matters" and the rationale behind the changes will contribute to a positive reception.